A.P.J. Abdul Kalam - 💐A Model Students

A Model Student:-

Having completed his B.Sc from St. Joseph's college, Tiruchi, he joined the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), for
pursuing studies in aeronautica
engineering. He found Aeronautics
fascinating subject which held the promise of freedom. It had always been his dream to fly. His last year at MIT was a year of transition which left a deep impact on his later life. He had to reconcile his religious beliefs with his scientific temper as he wondered whether matter alone was the ultimate reality. His most touching memory at MIT concerned Professor Sponder, one of his teachers. While posing for a group photograph as part of a farewell ritual, Sponder called Kalam to his side and asked him to sit with him. Kalam was moved by this gesture which singled him out from the other graduating students.

Sponder also gave him high praise when he observed that Kalam was his best student After MIT, he went to Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) at Bangalore as a trainee. As aeronautical engineer, two options were available to him. One was to join the Directorate of Technical Development and Production, or DTD & P (Air) of the Ministry of Defence. Or he could join the Indian Air Force. He was called for an interview at both places. 

Finding Employment 

He missed selection to the Air Force by the proverbial whisker. He stood ninth in the batch of 25 but only eight bfticers were selected to be commissioned. Disheartened by his failure to make it, he went to Rishikesh. There he met Swami Sivananda. On hearing of the reason behind Kalam's sorrow, the Swami advised him to surrender to God's will. He consoled Kalam saying that his destiny was not to become an Air Force pilot and assured him that he would eventually discover his true 

destiny. After returning to Delhi, Kalam joined the Technical Centre (Civil Aviation) of the DTD&P (Air) as Senior Scientific Assistant on a basic salary of Rs. 250/per month. 

During his first year there, he won praise for carrying out a design assignment on supersonic target aircraft. Then he was sent to Kanpur to get exposure to aircraft maintenance. It was his first experience -of living in an industrial town. He found it hard to get used to the crowds, the smoke and the noise. With humour, he writes that he was “particularly troubled by the ubiquitous presence of potatoes on the dining table, right from breakfast to dinner.” When he returned to Delhi, he designed a vertical take off and landing platform and Hot Cockpit. Three years later, he was posted at the newly formed 

Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) in Bangalore, where he headed a team to develop a prototype hovercraft. Kalam was at the controls when Defence Minister, Krishna Menon rode in India's first indigenous hovercraft. Unfortunately, the project became mired in controversy and it was shelved. .Kalam was very disappointed and it led him to think that one could only go so far even if one wanted to reach for the sky. During this period of dejection, Dr. Mediratta, Director of the Aeronautical Development Establishment, asked him to organize a demonstration for an important visitor. It was none other than Prof. MGK; Menon, Director of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). 

Menon asked him several questions about the machine after which Kalam took him for a short ride in the hovercraft. A week later, he received a call from the Indian 

Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) in Bangalore, where he headed a team to develop a prototype hovercraft. Kalam was at the controls when Defence Minister, Krishna Menon rode in India's first indigenous hovercraft. Unfortunately, the project became mired in controversy and it was shelved. .
  Kalam was very disappointed and it led him to think that one could only go so far even if one wanted to reach for the sky. During this period of dejection, Dr. Mediratta, Director of the Aeronautical Development Establishment, asked him to organize a demonstration for an important visitor. It was none other than Prof. MGK; Menon, Director of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). 

Menon asked him several questions about the machine after which Kalam took him for a short ride in the hovercraft. A week later, he received a call from the Indian 

Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) to attend an interview for the post of Rocket Engineer. He went to Bombay and was interviewed by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, Prof. MGK. Menon and Mr. Saraf, Deputy Secretary of the Atomic Energy Commission. He was selected and 

in 1962, he joined India's nascent space program. 

Growing up

How Growmg up APJ ABDUL KALAM

Kalam's father was widely respected as a religious man in his small community. He believed in the inherent goodness of all religions. Not surprisingly, his close friend was the high priest of Rameshwaram temple. Kalam claims that he inherited honesty and self-discipline from his father and faith in goodness and deep kindness from his mother. He describes how his father taught him that true reality was to be found in the spiritual realm and how knowledge could be gained only through inner experience.

         He also mentions Jallaluddin and Samsuddin whose unschooled wisdom wielded ’a positive influence on him. Ahmed Jallaluddin was a close friend of Kalam and Samsuddin was his first cousin.

Abdul Kalarii had three close childhood friends. They were all orthodox Hindu Brahmins. One of them Was the son of the high priest of the Rameshwaram temple. Remarkably, their religious differences never came in the way of their friendship.

     Among the bedtime stories that his mother and grandmother told him, were tales from the Ramayana. So it was a truly secular upbringing that Kalam enjoyed. But one incident that happened at the Rameshwaram Elementary School was rather upsetting to him. He was studying in the fifth standard then.
                One day a new teacher came to the class. Kalam and his friend, Ramanadha Sastri, the priest's son, always sat together in the front row. Seeing the Muslim boy with his trademark cap sitting next to the Brahmin boy, the teacher was offended and asked Kalam to go sit in the back row. Kalam obeyed the teacher's instructions, but when the two friends returned home, they told their parents about it.

       
    The priest, Lakshmana Sastri, summoned the teacher and cautioned him not to spread communal
intolerance in the minds of innocent
children. The teacher was made to apologize to the children as well. The chastened teacher mended his ways thereafter.

But it was a different experience he had with his science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer. Though an orthodox Brahmin, he was something of a rebel. One day he invited Kalam to his house for a meal. His wife was horrified at the thought of a Muslim boy dining in her ritually purified kitchen and refused to serve Kalam.
      So Iyer serve his student himself and sat down with him to eat his meal. When Kalam was leaving, he invited him again to his house the next weekend. He told Kalam that once they had decided to change the system, one should learn to confront such problems. The next time he went to Iyer's house, he was delightfully surprised to see the teacher's wife serve food in the kitchen without any qualms.

After leaving the elementary school, Kalam was enrolled at the'Schwartz High Schooi, Ramanathapuram. Here he found a great mentor and teacher in Iyadurai Solomon who raised his self-esteem and convinced him that if he had faith in himself, he could change his own destiny. At Schwartz, his mathematics teacher who had once caned him for entering another class mistakenly, predicted that Kalam would bring glory to his school and teachers, when he scored full marks in mathematics.
       By the time he left the school, he had become a self-confident boy who was determined to succeed in life.
     After completing his schooling at Schwartz. he went to T‘iruchirapalli for his higher studies. By this time he had matured into a self-confident boy who was determined to succeed in life. He joined St. Joseph's College in Tiruchi for a B.Sc. degree in Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry in 1950. Kalam wanted to do aeronautical engineering after finishing his B.Sc. He was selected for admission at the Madras Institute of Technology but couldn't pay the admission fee as his father was not in a position to shell out the princely sum of one thousand rupees.

      In his autobiography, Kalam recounts, “At that time, my sister Zohra, stood behind me, rhortgaging her gold bangles and chain. I was deeply moved by her determination to see me educated and by her faith in my abilities.

Hitler Joining the army

Joining the Army

In May 1913, Hitler left Vienna for Munich to avoid mandatory militaxy service in the Austn'anmy, and thus avoid serving the multi cultural Ausm'an Empire he now despised. On August 1, 1914, a huge, enthusiastic crowd including Hitler gathered in a big public plaza in Munich
to celebrate the German proclamation of war.

        On first hearing the news of war Hitler had sunkto his knees and thanked heaven for being alive.On August 3, he joined the Sixteenth Bavarian Infantry Regiment, of the German army, as a despatch runner. Hitler, by all accounts, was an unusual soldier with a sloppy manner and unmilitary bearing. But he was also eager for action and always ready to volunteer for dangerous assignments. He had many narrow escapes from death.
                He received the Iron Cross (First Class) for bravery, but did not rise above the rank of Lance Corporal. Twice wounded, he was badly gassed four weeks before the end bf the war and had to spend three months recuperating in a hospital in Pomerania. Hitler was angered by the apathy and anti-war sentiment among German civilians. He blamed the Jews for much of this.

Germany’s Humiliation

On November 10, 1918, the Kaiser and the House of Hollenzollem fell. Germany was now a republic. World War I was over. Many Germans could not bear the defeat. To Hitler, and many others, the German politicians who signed the armistice on November 11, 1918, were the “November Criminals.” On June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed by the victorious Allies and was ratified by the German democratic government.
            Under the terms of the treaty, Germany alone was forced to shoulder the responsibility for causing the war and had to pay huge war reparations for all the losses and damage. Germany also had to cede land to France and Poland. The German Army was limited to 100,000 men and was forbidden to have submarines or military aircraft.

Hitler Entering Politics:-

     The treaty humiliated the German nation before the world. Many Germans, including Adolf Hitler, were filled with anger and sorrow. It filled them with a burning desire to see their nation restored to its former power and glory and once again taking its place in the world. In 1919, Adolf Hitler was still in the army and was stationed in Munich.

         He had become an informer and named soldiers in his barracks who had supported the Marxist uprisings in Munich. These soldiers were arrested and executed. He also investigated troublesome political organizations. In September 1919 he was asked to investigate a small group in M unich known as the German Workers’ Patty led by Anton Drexler.
            Hitler discovered that the party’s political ideas were similar to his own. On 16 September, the same year, he joined the Party thereby entering the political arena. Later he changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (N ational Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpanei or N S DAP), shortened to Nazi.
       The Nazi Party was centered in Munich which had by now become a hot bed of ultra right-wing German nationalists. Among them were many Army officers who hated Marxism and wished to overthrow the young German democracy centered in Berlin.

Hitler soon made a name for himself as a powerful orator. He became the main attraction at party meetings. He gave the new Party its symbol the swastika and its greeting “Heill.” During this period he developed the techniques that made him a persuasive orator. For instance, he always arrived late which helped to develop tension. He waited until there was complete silence before he started his speech.

        He would rock from side to side and gesticulate with his hands. His voice became louder and more passionate. “Sweat poured of him his face turned while. his eyes bulged and his voice cracked with emotion.
     
         He ranted and raved aboul the injustices done to Germany and played on his audience‘s emotions of hatred and envy. By the end of the speech the audience would be m a state of near hysteria and were willing to do u hatever Hitler suggest
Hitler took charge of party propaganda in 1920. and also recruited young men he had known in lhcArmy. He was helped in his recruitment drive by Army Captain Ernst Rohm, a new party member.
     
          who would play a major role in Hitler’s eventual rise to power. By November 1921, the patty had 3000 members. To increase his personal power Hitler created strongarm squads to maintain order at his meetings and break up those of his opponents. From these squads grew the Storm Troopers (SA) organized by Rohm and Hitler’s black-shit’ted personal bodyguard, the Schutzstaffel (SS).

        Hitler’s propaganda was chiefly directed against the Versailles Treaty, the “N ovember criminals,” the Marxists and the “Jew,” who were responsible for all Germany ’3 domestic problems. In the twenty-flve-point programme of the NSDAP announced on 24 February 1920, he proposed many ideas. These included the union of all Germans in a greater German Reich, rejection of the Treaty of Versailles, the demand for additional territories for the German people (Lebensraum), Citizenship determined by race with no Jew to be considered a German, all income not earned by work to be Confiscated,A thorough reconstruction of the national education system, religious freedom except for religions which endanger the German race, and
a strong central government for the execution of effective legislation. 

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Introduction

Introduction:-

A 200% Indian. The people's President. The father of India's missile programme. Abul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, or A.P.J. Kalam, as he is more popularly called, is known by all these epithets. Kalam's journey from sleepy Rameshwaram to the Rashtrapati Bhavan in Delhi is an inspiring and eventful one. In the course of this journey he has been associated with almost all‘ Indian technological milestones, from the first rocket launch vehicle, the first Indian satellite, the first strategic missile, and to the Indian nuclear programme.

Background:-

Rameshwaram is an island in the Gulf of Mannar at the tip of the Indian peninsula. A very important pilgrim centre, Rameshwaram is believed to be the place from where Lord Rama built a bridge
across the sea to rescue his wife Sita, from herabductor, Ravana. This is also where Rama worshipped Lord Shiva to atone for the sin of killing Ravana. Rameshwaram is also known as the ‘Benaras of the south’, In order to attain Moksha it is believed that the visit to Rameshwaram is essential. Spread over an area of 61.8 square kilometres the island has the shape of a conch.

Dhanushkodi, named after Rama's bow, is 8 kms from Rameshwaram. The boulders around the sea between Srilanka and this place, known as Adam's bridge, are believed to have been used by Hanuman to reach Srilanka. Dhanushkodi was completely ravaged by the cyclones of 1964. It was here, at a place called Tikundi, that Abdul Kalam was born in a middle-Class Tamil family on OctOber 15,1931. Kalam‘s father was a boat owner. The family was financially secure though not very well off. Kalam even sold newspapers as a little boy. He was enrolled in Schwartz High School, Ramanathapuram, where he was fortunate enough to come across some inspiring teachers who glimpsed the spark in him and fanned it into a flame. In later years, when fame came calling on him, Kalam would remember them with gratitude.

Beginnings 

His parents too left a lasting influence on Kalam. It is from them that he seems to have inherited his legendary humility and simplicity. His father, Jainulabdeen, he once observed, had an innate wisdom and tme generosity of spirit while his mother, Ashiamma, kept open house fading many others apart from her own family. There was no hankering after unnecessary

luxuries and comforts at home but all that was essential, like food, clothes and medicines were provided by his father.

In his bestselling autobiography, Wings of Fire, Kalam observes, “Every child is born with some inherited characteristics. Child's growth and moulding depends upon the environment and the socioeconomic conditions. More so, it also depends on the emotional environment of the parents, as how they shape, train and educate the child. I was fortunate and blessed to have had all these. I had very loving parents, very good friends and very good friends and verya Amicable social atmosphere around me in my childhood.”

Aspiring Artist Hitler

The aspiring Artist:-

Using poor health as an excuse,Hitler left school in 1905,at age sixteen,never to return . From now on he Would be self -taughr . Adolf Hitler spent the next few years in brooding idleness .He madeno effort to learn a trade or get a job as he found the idea of daily work revolting .He spent his timewanseums , attending the opera ,and sitting by the Danube River dreaming of becoming a great artist.

       In the spring of 1906,at age seventeen,Hitler tookhis first trip to Vienna,capital city of the empire and one of the world,s most important centers of art, music and old -world European culture.
         
             He decided to attend the prestigious Vienna Academy of fine Arts.In October 1907 ,he withdrew his inheritance money from the bank and went to live in Vienna.Hitler's mother was by now suffering from breast cancer.she died in December 1907,leaving Hitler devastated.

               Hitler was to remain in Vienna until1913 leading a bohemian existence .He often had to sleep on park benches and was at charity soup kitchens. His years of misery in Vienna would also be a time when he formulated many of his ideas on politics and race.
            During this period,he developeda pathological hatred of Jews and Marxists, liberalism and the cosmopolitan Hapsburg monarchy.He also tried twice to gain admission to the Vienna Academy of fine Arts and failed.It was a bitter disappointment to Hitler.

           He surviveddoing occasional odd jobs like shoveling snow and carrying bags at the train station and by selling pictures of famous Vienna landmark which he copied f postcards.

The Anti - Semantic

    In Vienna,he became interested in politics.The demagogic techniques of the popular Mayor,Karl Lueger,a member of the Christian Social Party,influenced him and he picked up an obsessive anti -Semitism (hatred of Jews) , that remained with him to the end of his life.
         Among the middle class in Vienna, anti -Semitism was considered rather fashionable .Extreme racial theorists like the defrocked monk ,Lanz von Liebenfels ,and the Austrian pan- German leader,Georg von Schoenerer,taught him to believe that the new was the cause of all the evil prevalent in culture,politics and the economy.According to this view the press, prostitution syphilis , capitalism,Marxism,d­emocracy and pacifism -all were different means by which Jews conspired to undermine the German nation and the purity ofthe creative Aryan race.

Adolf Hitler

Introduction Of Adolf Hitler:-

Adolf Hitler Added A New Word to The Lexicon of horror - the Holocaust.It is the Term that is widely used to Describe the Killing of Approximately six million European Jews during World war all, as part of a program of Deliberate extermination Planned and executed by the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi)Party in Germany led by Hitler.

BEGINNINGS:-
    Adolf Hitler was born on April 20,1889,in the small Austria Village of Branuau Am ln just Across the border from German Bavaria His father who worked for the Austrian civil service,was Alois Schicklgruber ,who later changed his name to match his uncle 'S, Hiedler. However, when it was written in the record book it was spelled as Hitler. His mother was klarm Polzl, the couple's s had died, Adolf was born healthy and was baptized a Roman Catholic.Hitler's father was then 52 years old.
        Adolf's mother lavished much care and affection on him. Hitler was a moody and lazy child who got easily angry.He was not close to his strict,authoritarian­ father but was deeply attached to his indulgent mother.Adolf Hitler had to change schools often as his family moved from place to place following his father's retirement.He got good grades in school and had consideredle talent in drawing,especially sketching buildings.
      He wanted to go classical school and train as an artist but his father forced him to go to a technical high school in 1900.in January 1903, Hitler's father died suddenly of a lung hemorrhage, leaving his thirteen year old son in charge of the Hitler household . Financially,his father had left the Hitler family fairly well provided for.